Historical Geology of the Champlain Valley

At the dawn of the 18th century, the Champlain Valley was largely the domain of the Abenaki and Mohawk nations. A century later Europeans populated the valley and Middlebury College was founded. In this course we will explore how the geologic environment defined these different cultures. Topics will include: the hydrologic system as transportation, energy, and food source; geologic controls on soil quality; geologic resources for building, tool making, and war; and the role of climate change and variability. The course will include numerous field trips to regional museums and geologic sites. Students should feel comfortable being outside in winter.