The concept of "human security" was first introduced in the 1994 Human

>Development Report by the United Nations Development Program. It has

>since attracted growing attention in the academic and policy

>communities around the world. The concept has also become part of

>official policy in some countries, including Japan and Canada. In

>contrast to the traditional concept of "national security" with its

>focus on the security of the state against military threats, "human

>security" emphasizes the protection of individual citizens¹ security

>not only from war and other forms of physical violence but also from

>threats of a political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental

>nature. At the most fundamental level, ³human security² is defined as

>"freedom from fear" and "freedom from want," but beyond that there are

>competing approaches to it, as well as critical challenges to it both

>as a concept and as a guide for national or international policy.

>This course will critically examine: (1) "human security" as a concept;

>(2) opportunities and challenges in translating the concept into

>policy"; and (3) case studies of human security problems and policies

>from around the world.