INTD 1020A
      
The Biosphere Under Attack
    
  
                                  
                              The Biosphere Under Attack: Volcanoes, Impacts and Mass Extinctions
The geological record shows that our biosphere was shaken half a dozen times in the past by major crises, known as great mass extinctions – the most recent installment being the End-Cretaceous demise of the dinosaurs and the vast majority of other species, 66 million years ago. Our course will review the purported causes of mass extinctions – asteroid impacts, volcanic upheavals, and other culprits still to be identified – and offers an original perspective to judge the severity and pace of the ongoing crisis that threatens our biosphere today, in the face of deforestation and climate change.
- Schedule
 - 2:00pm-4:00pm on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday (Jan 6, 2022 to Feb 3, 2022)
 - Location
 - Online Course ONL
 - Instructors
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Frankel, Charles
cfrankel@middlebury.edu 
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