This will be an intensive weekend workshop covering the history of biological weapons and the ways in which the use of infectious microbes and biological toxins formed the basis for the weapons developed under the biological weapons programs of the United States and other countries in the 20th century. The spectacular advances in molecular biology, immunology, and genetics will be reviewed noting how much of the current body of knowledge in the biosciences could be used not only as the basis for new vaccines, pharmaceuticals and generally for the improvement of human health, but to cause harm as well in ways that go far beyond the traditional technologies based on the use of infectious agents (“dual use”). The Biological Weapons Convention and other strategies proposed for controlling the proliferation of biological weapons will be discussed and critiqued. There will be expository lectures, with information on Powerpoint slides, interspersed with extensive class discussion (Socratic Method), including challenge questions and hypothetical case studies.